Showing posts with label what. Show all posts
Showing posts with label what. Show all posts
Wednesday, March 18, 2015
Gas poisoning What is Gas Poisoning
When solids and liquids, such as mineral acids, ammonia, cyanides, and mercury, are heated, many poisonous gases are released.
Among these poisonous gases, are mineral acids, ammonia, cyanides and mercury.
Other types of poisonous gases are specially manufactured for war purposes.
Poisonous gases affect the body in various ways, and many are potentially fatal.
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Among these poisonous gases, are mineral acids, ammonia, cyanides and mercury.
Other types of poisonous gases are specially manufactured for war purposes.
Poisonous gases affect the body in various ways, and many are potentially fatal.
Gas poisoning symptoms
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbon monoxide, and mixtures that contain it, prevent the blood from carrying oxygen to tissues;Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning
Hydrogen sulfide causes respiratory paralysis;Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Carbon tetrachloride damages the liver and kidneys;Carbon Disulfide Poisoning
Carbon disulfide produces nerve damage and ultimately causes paralysis and psychoses;Tear Gases Poisoning
Tear gases such as xylyl bromide, severely irritate the eyes, nose, and throat;Nerve Gases Poisoning
Various nerve gases prevent the proper functioning of nerve impulses;Chlorine and Phosgene Poisoning
lung irritant gases, such as chlorine and phosgene, attack the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs;Vesicant gases Poisoning
Vesicant gases, such as mustard gas and lewisite gas (containing arsenic), cause blisters and ulcers on the skin;Nauseant gases Poisoning
Nauseant gases, such as chloropicrin, induce vomiting;Nose irritant gases Poisoning
Nose irritant gases, such as diphenylchlorarsine, cause pain, sneezing, depression, and sometimes vomiting.How do people come in contact with poisonous gases?
- Carbon monoxide is the most poisonous gas likely to be present in domestic surroundings. For example, when an automobile engine has been left running in an enclosed space, such as a garage, carbon monoxide can accumulate to toxic levels.
- Carbon tetrachloride is used in dry cleaning.
- Hydrogen sulfide is a poisonous gas produced in some chemical processes.
- Tear gases are used by police and military personnel.
- Carbon disulfide is used in the rubber industry and in making rayon.
What is Attention Deficit Disorder Definition
Attention deficit disorder is a condition that usually affects school-aged children and is characterized by inattention, impulsivity, or hyperactivity.
These disorders are occasionally a result of environmental stress.
Most cases, however, are felt to have a biological basis.
Attention deficit disorders should be differentiated from mental retardation, schizophrenia, or a manic-depressive state.
The onset is before the age of 7 years, and an estimated 5 percent of school-aged children exhibit characteristics of some form of learning disorder.
I.Q. tests taken by these children are normal, and there are no neurologic abnormalities.
Attention deficit disorders may result in poor school performance.
In some cases, there are specific learning disabilities, such as visual-motor or speech defects.
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These disorders are occasionally a result of environmental stress.
Most cases, however, are felt to have a biological basis.
Attention deficit disorders should be differentiated from mental retardation, schizophrenia, or a manic-depressive state.
The onset is before the age of 7 years, and an estimated 5 percent of school-aged children exhibit characteristics of some form of learning disorder.
I.Q. tests taken by these children are normal, and there are no neurologic abnormalities.
Attention deficit disorders may result in poor school performance.
In some cases, there are specific learning disabilities, such as visual-motor or speech defects.
Attention Deficit Disorder Treatment
Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder is complex and should be coordinated with specific educators. There is no proof that dietary changes are beneficial.Choriocarcinoma – What is Choriocarcinoma
Choriocarcinoma is a cancerous growth of the outer layer of the membrane (chorion) that surrounds a fetus in the womb.
Choriocarcinoma is relatively rare condition in the United States, occurring in about 1 out of every 45,000 pregnancies, and is more likely to occur in women over the age of 40.
Choriocarcinoma symptoms
An obstetrician looks for signs of the disease in pregnant women who have had the formation of a hydatidiform mole, which leads to an unusually large uterus for that stage of pregnancy.
But mole formations are not necessarily a sign of choriocarcinoma; they occur in about 1 out of every 2,000 pregnancies (especially in older women), and over 80 percent of these moles are benign.
Other symptoms of choriocarcinoma may include vaginal bleeding and extreme nausea.
After the removal of a hydatidiform mole, the effectiveness of treatment can be assessed by measuring human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels in the blood. Normally, these levels should drop dramatically after the removal of the mole.
If the levels do not drop, this is a sign of a choriocarcinoma.
Repeated blood tests are made to determine the level of these hormones in the mother’s bloodstream. If this level remains above normal, treatment with anticancer drugs (chemotherapy) is given to destroy the growth.
The hydatidiform mole may also be suctioned from the uterus; occasionally, a hysterectomy will be performed (especially with older patients).
Choriocarcinoma may, on rare occasion, appear in the testes.
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What are human bones made of
Bones are hard tissues that are living parts of your body, just as your brain and heart are living parts. Bones contain cells that divide and multiply, causing you to grow.
These cells are also always rebuilding the bony tissue to keep it strong.
Rebuilding happens less as people grow older. So a broken bone will often heal much more quickly in a child than in an adult.
Bones store substances called minerals, which your body uses. Calcium is a mineral. It helps to make the bones hard.
Bones have a strong covering, called periosteum.
Inside, there is a hard layer of compact bone.
A long bone, such as the thigh bone, has spongy tissue at its ends, called cancellous bone, and soft marrow in its hollow center.
The ends of the bones are covered with a smooth, rubbery substance called cartilage. This is the same kind of substance that forms the tip of your nose.
Cartilage works like a cushion so that the bones don’t grind against each other. Cartilage is covered in a liquid called synovial fluid.
This keeps the bones moving smoothly, like oil in the parts of a machine.
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These cells are also always rebuilding the bony tissue to keep it strong.
Rebuilding happens less as people grow older. So a broken bone will often heal much more quickly in a child than in an adult.
Bones store substances called minerals, which your body uses. Calcium is a mineral. It helps to make the bones hard.
Bones have a strong covering, called periosteum.
Inside, there is a hard layer of compact bone.
A long bone, such as the thigh bone, has spongy tissue at its ends, called cancellous bone, and soft marrow in its hollow center.
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| Some parts of your skeleton, such as your arms and legs, have only a few long bones. Other parts, such as your hands and feet, have many small bones. |
How are bones held together?
Your bones are held together by strong, flexible straps called ligaments.The ends of the bones are covered with a smooth, rubbery substance called cartilage. This is the same kind of substance that forms the tip of your nose.
Cartilage works like a cushion so that the bones don’t grind against each other. Cartilage is covered in a liquid called synovial fluid.
This keeps the bones moving smoothly, like oil in the parts of a machine.
Monday, March 16, 2015
What do you know about Bacteriophages

nBacteriophages ( phages ) are obligate intracellular parasites that multiply inside bacteria by making use of some or all of the host biosynthetic machinery . They are viruses that infect bacteria.
Composition of Bacteriophage
nNucleic acid: either DNA or RNA but not both
nds DNA, ss RNA, ss DNA
nunusual or modified bases
nencode 3-5 gene products to over 100 gene products
nProtein: function in infection and protect the nucleic acid
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